Polyethylene Wax Suppliers

What is PE Wax ?

Polyethylene Wax or PE Wax, is an ultra low molecular weight polyethylene consisting of ethylene monomer chains. PE Wax is available from on-purpose production and as a byproduct of polyethylene production. Material is available in both HDPE and LDPE forms. Also many grades and types available from Polyethylene Wax Suppliers. Polyethylene Wax is an important constituent, in the formulation of coatings, inks,adhesives, etc

Physical and Chemical Properties / Characteristics of Polyethylene Wax

Appearance: Solid 
Form ：Granule/Flake
Color : Translucent
Odor: none
pH value： - 
Boiling Point / Boiling Range:     °C
Decomposition Temperature： >400°C
Flash Point (Test Method : close cup) ：    > 570 °F       > 300 °C
Solubility in Water：negligible
Exposure Limits： -                %
Vapor Pressure：- (Below)        mmHg@20°C
Vapor Density： - (Air=1.0)
Specific Gravity：0.9 g/cm3
Softening point(R&B method)：95-115°C

 CAS No.：9002-88-4

 Polyethylene Wax Applications

PVC Compounds

PVC compounds are formulated for rigid and flexible applications and are adapted to a number of processing methods covering extrusion, injection and blow molding, as well as calendaring. These techniques encompass the use of PVC in the fabrication of pipes, profiles, bottle, sheet and coating for wires and cables.The benefit using Polyethylene Wax on PVC compound: Highly efficient lubricants by all conversion means,Excellent filler and modifier dispersants, Superb release agents, Significantly improve surface finish and Ease and speed processing rates.

Rubber Processing

PE Wax use on rubber processing in  subsequent extrusion and molding procedures. The benefit will be get if using PE Wax is :-

• Compatability with elastomers.
• Good lubricant / release action from equipment.
• Excellent flow properties (lower Mooney viscosity).
• Easily dispersible.
• Chemically inert with good electrical properties.
• No detrimental influence upon curing rate.
• Minimal effect upon mechanical properties.
• Improved filler dispersion.
  
  
  
  

Ashpalt / Bitumen Modification

Bitumen is blended with thermoplastic elastomers of varying types (amorphous polyolefins and SBS).  The inclusion of these polymers results in a dramatic increase in viscosity and a consequent disruption of flow characteristics.  The incorporation of an additive amount of a Marcus homopolymer wax brings about a significant improvement of flow during hot torching procedures, stimulating the formation of a smooth and high gloss coating with added water repellency properties.

Cable Filling / Flooding Compounds

Electrical and telecommunication cables are manufactured with a filling/flooding compound packed inside them for providing water and gas tightness.  These compounds must have a good stability to the high shear forces which occur during manufacture and which could cause breakdown of the compound consistency.  This consistency must also be maintained over a wide temperature range and there should be no migration.

Release, Lubricant & Sizing

In the glass industry their lubricant function plays an important role as a component of a treatment for the reduction of breakage when newly formed thin walled and highly fragile bottles come off the production line, there being a slippage action rather than an impacting one when the bottles contact each other. The same lubricating efficiency also applies in the treatment of glass fiber as it is produced. The application of the polyethylene emulsion in this instance allows the fiber to be immediately wound up without breaking.

Textiles

Polyethylene wax emulsions are stable softeners. Polyethylene is present in the emulsion
in the form of dispersion of fine particles in water.Polyethylene wax emulsion is available as milky white emulsion, which can be readily diluted with hot, cold or even hard water, which does not affect it since it is non ionic in character. It is compatible with anionic, cationic and non ionic auxiliaries. 

Who Polyethylene Wax Suppliers ?

 Global Suppliers/manufacturers include the following
* Allied Signal Laminate Systems Inc.,
230, North Front Street,
P.O. Box 1448,
La Crosse, WI 54601
* Mitsui Petrochemical Industries Ltd.,
P.O. Box 90, 3-2-5 Kasumigaseki,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100
* Hoechst AG
Societe Francaise Hoechst
Division Chime-Tour Roussel Hoechsts Cedex 3
92080 Paris-La-Defense,France
* BASF Aktiengesellschaft
Carl Bosch Strasse 38
Ludwigshafen 67056, Germany

* Huls AG
(A Veba group of company)
Referat 1122/84/45E
D-45764 Marl, Germany
* Polioles, S.A. de C.V.
Fernando Montes de Oca No.71,
Colonia Condesa, Mexico,D.F.06140, Mexico.
* Eastman Chemical Co.,
Post Box No.431, Kingsport,TN-37662
* Honeywell Speciality Chemicals,
101,Columbia Road,
Marris Town, NJ-07962
* Creanova Inc.
220, Davidson Avenue,
Somerset, NJ-08873

 

Sodium Sulphate Manufacturing Process

What Is Sodium Sulphate?

Sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) is a chemical compound that can be found as a mineral in nature or derived from certain industrial processes as a by product. Sodium sulphate is commonly used to make soaps, detergents, pulp industry, textile industry other chemicals industry.

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
CAS NO.	7757-82-6 (Anhydrous)7727-73-3 (Decahydrate)
EINECS NO.	231-820-9
FORMULA	Na2SO4
MOL WT.	142.04
H.S. CODE	2833.11.5010
TOXICITY
SYNONYMS	Disodium monosulfate; Sulfuric acid sodium salt;
Disodium sulfate; Sodium sulfate; Sulfuric acid sodium salt; Sulfuric acid disodium salt; Sulfuric acid disodium salt; Salt cake; Bisodium sulfate; Sodium sulfate (2:1); Thenardite; Natriumsulfat; Trona; Dibasic sodium sulfate; Other RN: 1337-28-6

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE	Hygroscopic white powder, Odorless
MELTING POINT	880 - 888 C
BOILING POINT	1100 C (Decomposes)
SPECIFIC GRAVITY	2.66 - 2.75
SOLUBILITY IN WATER	Soluble
pH	Aqueous solution is neutral
VAPOR DENSITY
AUTOIGNITION
NFPA RATINGS	Health: 1; Flammability: 0; Reactivity: 0
REFRACTIVE INDEX
FLASH POINT
STABILITY	Stable under ordinary conditions

 Sodium Sulphate Manufacturing Process

There are two processes in sodium sulfate production. 1. Chemical process Feed sodium chloride (≥97) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄ ≥98) into Mannheim furnace, and the reactant is sodium sulfate. The process is as following: 2NaCl + H₂SO₄ Na₂SO₄ + 2HCl ↑- Q Actually, the reaction is proceeded in two steps: NaCl + H₂SO₄ NaHSO₄ + HCl↑ + Q(1) NaHSO₄+ NaCl Na₂SO₄ + 2HCl↑ - Q(2) The first step is an exothermal reaction that can be carried out at lower temperature, NaHSO₄ is form first. While the second reaction is a strong endothermic reaction, the reaction can be carried out only at 500 °C to 600 °C. The heat required by the reaction is supplied by burning of gas in the burning chamber of the furnace. The gas is generated by a coal gas generator. The temperature in the burning chamber should be maintained around 1200 °C. 2. Extracted from Glauberite rocks Crushed Glauberite rocks are fed into a tank, and then is extracted by water. Remove impurities in the extract. The clean extract is evaporated and centrifuged. Finally this wet sodium sulfate is dried to obtain product sodium sulfate. The process is proceeded as following: Na₂SO₄.CaSO₄ + 2H₂O = Na₂SO₄ + CaSO₄.2H₂O 

 Sodium Sulphate Uses

Use in Soaps and Detergents

Although the need is slowly being reduced, a large amount of sodium sulfate has been used in powdered detergents as filler during the last 30 years. This took place because phosphates, which were traditionally used as fillers in powder detergents, were discovered to be detrimental to the environment. However, sodium sulfate use has begun declining as well, the need for filler has gone down, due to the trend toward using concentrated liquid detergents instead of bulkier powder formulas. It is still used in carpet powders and window defrosting applications.

Textiles

Approximately 100,000 tons of sodium sulfate are utilized annually in Japan and the U.S. for dyeing textiles. It is an ideal compound for this purpose, because it does not corrode the stainless steel vessels as sodium chloride (which can also be used in this manner) does. Sodium sulfate is a leveling agent, reducing negative chargers on the fibers, which allows the dyes to penetrate evenly. Sodium sulfate is a by-product of rayon production, and when there was a decreased need for Japanese rayon, the U.S. was able to fulfill the need for the compound that Japan had previously supplied.

Wood Pulp

One notable use for sodium sulfate compound is in the Kraft process, also known as the sulfate process, of wood pulp manufacturing which is widely used to make paper products and building supplies. Although other processes are now used, the Kraft process has been the dominant method of wood pulping since the 1940s.The technology involves impregnating wood chips with sodium sulfate; the wood is heated, causing a reduction of the sodium sulfate into sodium sulfide. This breaks the bond in the cellulose of the wood, making it malleable and able to be extruded.

Glass

Sodium sulfate is used in the glass industry as well. European glassmakers consume a significant amount of sodium sulfate per year, using up to approximately 110,000 tons per annum. The U.S. utilizes about 30,000 tons in glass making, as well. Sodium sulfate prevents scum formation by the molten glass during refining, and also fluxes the glass. The compound also acts as a fining agent in molten glass, removing small air bubbles and imperfections during the blowing and casting processes.

Drying and Thermal Storage

In the laboratory, sodium sulfate is often used as an inert drying compound for organic materials. It removes water from compounds reliably at temperatures below 30° C (86° F). Another main use of sodium sulfate is in thermal storage. It has been utilized as a solar heat storage component since the 1950s, because it has a high heat storage capacity and does not change from a solid to a liquid until 90 ° F (32 ° C). Sodium sulfate is used to store heat in thermal tiles, and put into cells surrounded by solar-heated water, as well as in some computer-cooling and insulating applications.

Sodium sulfate is still widely in use today, and should continue to be so for some time. Even though some manufacturing processes are phasing out use of the compound, other purposes are continuing to be found. Sodium sulfate’s unique heat storage properties make it an ideal candidate for use in many future processes and products. 

What is Bitumen

What Is Bitumen ?

Bitumen is a black or dark-colored (solid, semi-solid, viscous), amorphous, cementitious material that can be found in different forms, such us rock asphalt, natural bitumen, tar and bitumen derived from oil, which is referred to as petroleum bitumen.. A mixture of hydrocarbons occurring as a residue from petroleum distillation. Soluble in carbon disulfide. Combustible.

Bitumen is a mixture of Hydro carbons and thermoplastic material having strong tarry odour. It stiffness is dependent on temperature. The temperature-vs-stiffness relationship of bitumen is dependent on the source of crude oil and the method of refining. It also known as Asphalt and Mineral Pitch. 

What’s the difference between Bitumen and Asphalt? Should I use Bitumen or Asphalt?

Bitumen is actually the liquid binder that holds asphalt together. The term bitumen is often mistakenly used to describe asphalt.

A bitumen-sealed road has a layer of bitumen sprayed and then covered with an aggregate. This is then repeated to give a two-coat seal.

Asphalt is produced in a plant that heats, dries and mixes aggregate, bitumen and sand into a composite mix. It is then applied through a paving machine on site as a solid material at a nominated or required thickness, relative to the end use. Asphalt results in a smoother and more durable surface than a bitumen-sealed road.

Bitumen is applied in construction and maintenance of:

• Highways
• Airport runways
• Footways / Pedestrian Ways
• Car parks
• Racetracks
• Tennis courts
• Roofing
• Damp proofing
• Dams
• Reservoir and pool linings
• Soundproofing
• Pipe coatings
• Cable Coatings
• Paints
• Building Water Proofing
• Tile underlying waterproofing
• Newspaper Ink Production
• And many other applications

Manufacturing Process:

The crude oil is pumped from storage tanks, where it is kept at about 60°C, through a heat exchanger system where its temperature is increased to typically 200°C by exchanging heat gained from the cooling of newly produced products in the refining process. The crude is then further heated in a furnace to typically 300° C where it is partly vaporized into an Atmospheric Distillation Column. Here the physical separation of the components occurs. The lighter components rise to the top and the heaviest components (the atmospheric residue) fall to the bottom of the column and pass through a second heat exchanger prior to treatment in a vacuum distillation column. Finally, Bitumen is obtained by vacuum distillation or vacuum flashing of atmospheric residue from the vacuum distillation column. This is "straight run bitumen”. This process is called bitumen production by straight run vacuum distillation.  

SPECIFICATION OF PENETRATION GRADE BITUMEN 

PROPERTY	RANGE			STANDARD
	BITUMEN 80/100	BITUMEN 60/70	BITUMEN 40/50	ASTM / AASHTO
Specification Gravity @25/25 °C	1.01/1.06	1.00/1.05	1.00/1.05	D-70
Penetration @ 25 ° C	80/100	60/70	40/50	D-5
Softening Point ° C	45/52	49/56	52/60	D-36
Ductility @ 25 ° C CMS	100 MIN	100 MIN	100 MIN	D-113
Loss on Heating (wt)%	0.5 MAX	0.2 MAX	0.2 MAX	D-6
Drop in Penetration After Heating %	20 MAX	20 MAX	20 MAX	D-6 & D-5
Flash Point °C	225 MIN	250 MIN	250 MIN	D-92
Solubility in CS@ (wt)%	99.5 MAX	99.5 MAX	99.5 MAX	D-4
Spot Test	NEGATIVE	NEGATIVE	NEGATIVE
Density @25° C	1.01/1.06	1.00/1.05	1.00/1.05	D70

Rubber Processing Oil

 

Rubber Processing Oil

 Rubber is one of commodities of the world. Rubber materials are widely used in our everyday life. Most common usage is mainly in tyres, automotive supply industry, white goods, constructions, textiles and biomedical applications. Product range of Aromatics, Paraffinic and Naphthenic Rubber Process Oils that meets the requirements of rubber industries as well as tyre industries. Petroleum based aromatic oil specially formulated for use as a lubricant in
rubber processing, following characteristics of Rubber Processing Oil:

• Assist on mixing operations


• Reduces compounding time


• Improve of process ability


• Modify of physical properties

SPECIFICATIONS :

TEST                                                              ASTM METHOD                                   VALUE
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY @ 100 ° C, cSt              D-445                                           40 - 70
DENSITY @ 15 ° C (MAX),,                                   KG/L D-1298                                 1.02
FLASH POINT (MIN),                                                ° C D-92                                         235
POUR POINT (MAX),                                               ° C D-97                                         +24
ANILINE POINT,                                                         ° C IP-2                                         27-37
SULFUR CONTENT,                                               % wt D-2622                                   0.02

Rubber Process Oils are used during the processing and production of rubber compounds. These help in improving the dispersion of fillers and flow characteristics of the compound during further processing.

Rubber Process Oils have 3 ( Three)  types.

Aromatic Type
The basic characteristic of aromatic hydrocarbons is that it has double bonded mix ring carbon structure. Aromatic types of extracts are sourced from selected refineries and blended to meet the strict


Paraffinic type
Paraffinic type comes into the class of hydrocarbons which constitutes of branched chain or straight linked hydrocarbons molecules of many viscosities. The viscosity increases because of the chain length and rubber process oils becomes more viscous. That is the why it is used extensively in EPDM, Butyl Rubbers. Paraffinic Oils due to higher viscosity and flashpoint is better to make the end products which require better shelf life. Paraffinic Oils are also used in EPDM profiles for automotive applications due to its higher viscosity and flashpoint.


Naphthenic Type
Naphthenic type is a class of hydrocarbons and also is known as cycloparaffins. The structure is nearly same to the aromatic type and has the single bonded and stable structure.

Rubber Processing Oil Market Report

This market research study estimates the global process oil market for the forecast period, 2015 to 2020. The report provides detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of the global market. It also provides a comprehensive review of major market drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges for the global market. The report contains detailed profile of the top players in the global process oil market, along with their recent developments and other strategic industry-related activities. The market shares of the key participants in the global market have also been described in detail in the report.

Target Audience

• Process Oil Producers 
•  Associations and Industry Bodies
• Process Oil Traders, Distributors, and Suppliers
• Manufacturers in End User Industries

Scope of the report: This research report categorizes the global process oil market on the basis of type, application, and region. It forecasts volume and value as well as analyzes trends in each of the submarkets.

• On the basis of type, the global process oil market has been segmented into naphthenic, paraffinic, aromatic, and others.
• On the basis of application, the global market has been segmented into tire & rubber, polymer, personal care, and textile, among others.
• On the basis of region, the global market has been studied for North America, Asia-Pacific, Europe, and RoW.

The following customization options are available for the report:

• Further country-wise breakdown of the global market
• Company-specific information
• Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (Up to three)

Related Titles

• Asia-Pacific Base Oil Market
• Global Transformer Oil Market.

Caustic Soda ( Sodium hydroxide )

Caustic soda is the most typical of the strong alkalis.Caustic soda is mainly used in textile in the form of caustic soda flakes or pearls. It is also known as sodium hydroxide, has a white solid appearance and a formula of NaOH. It is an inorganic alkali salt, hygroscopic in nature and is soluble in water and polar solvents.

It  is  highly  hygroscopic,  and  absorbs  the  moisture,  carbon  dioxide,  or sulfur dioxide in the air.

Caustic Soda Manufacturing Process 

Metathesis Reaction 

By reacting sodium carbonate with calcium hydroxide, the reaction yields sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate. Since sodium hydroxide is soluble while calcium carbonate is not, by doing filtration, calcium carbonate can be easily removed to obtain a crude solution of sodium hydroxide. This solution is then purified, processed and standardized for industrial consumption. 

Chloralkali Process 

With the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution, solid sodium hydroxide is manufactured and obtained with the evaporation of water. Chlorine gas is also produced as a main by-product. Electrolysis occurs through three main types of cells, mainly mercury cell, diaphragm cell and membrane cell. 

Caustic Soda Properties

Parameter	Unit	Quantity
Molecular weight	g/mol	40
Melting point  crystallization begins	°C	12-15
Specific gravity	°C, 20°C/20°C	1.53
Specific heat	(cal/gm/°C), 40°C-90°C	0.766
CAS number	1310-73-2  14014-06-3 (2H)  12179-02-1 (monohydrat)
IUPAC name	Sodium hydroxide

Caustic Soda Application

It constitutes an essential reactant in the production of many useful organic chemicals (more than 30 % of caustic production goes into this application).

Inorganic chemicals like paints, glass and ceramics and uses in fuel cell production and cosmetics are also very important.

The paper, pulp and cellulose industries are major users of caustic soda.

Other areas where caustic is essential are: the food industry, water treatment(for the flocculation of heavy metals and acidity control), the soaps and detergents sectors, the textile sector (as a bleaching agent), mineral oils(preparation of greases and fuel additives) and the synthesis of the synthetic fibre rayon

About four per cent of caustic production is used in the process of refining aluminium from its ore bauxite.

The remainder of the caustic production (more than 17%) has miscellaneous applications, like the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds, rubber recycling and the neutralisation of acids. It is also used to manufacture soap and detergents, applied during the saponification process in soap industry and neutralization process in detergent industry. Caustic soda saponifies fats into water soluble sodium-based soaps.